CoMPHI Journal: Community Medicine and Public Health of Indonesia Journal

Contraceptive-use Behavior Among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Indonesia

2026-04-14T14:34:28+00:00

The use of contraception not only contributes to the reduction of maternal and child mortality rates but also serves as a strategic effort to control population growth. Long-term contraceptive methods (LCMs) are recognized as more effective and efficient when compared to non-LCMs. Nevertheless, data from the 2020 Indonesian Health Profile indicate that the majority of contraceptive acceptors continue to favor non-LCMs. Peniwen Village, characterized by a high population density of 462 individuals per square kilometer, represents a pertinent setting for examining contraceptive behavior. This study aimed to analyze the contraceptive behavior of women of reproductive age in Peniwen Village, along with their sociodemographic characteristics, and to determine the association between contraceptive method and variables such as age, education level, occupation, parity, knowledge of family planning, and family life cycle. This research employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 37 women of reproductive age who were family planning acceptors selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires encompassing demographic information, family planning knowledge, family stage, and contraceptive use. Descriptive statistics were applied to summarize the data, while the Chi-square test was used to assess associations between independent variables and contraceptive method. The findings revealed that 48.65% of respondents utilized LCMs, while 51.35% used non-LCMs. Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant association between contraceptive method and age (p=0.249), education (p=0.695), occupation (p=0.392), parity (p=0.340), family planning knowledge (p=0.122), or family stage (p=0.500). These results underscore the necessity of adopting a more holistic approach that incorporates socio-cultural and religious dimensions to enhance family planning education among women of reproductive age in Peniwen village.

Risk Factors of Stunting Incidence Among Children in the Working Area of Berampu Public Health Center, Berampu District, Dairi Regency, 2024

2026-04-14T14:09:04+00:00

In 2024, there are 150.2 million children under five years old suffering from stunting worldwide, with the largest contribution coming from Asia (52% of all children globally) and 43% from Africa. Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers (children under five years old) caused by chronic malnutrition over a long period. This condition results in a child's height being below the age standard. Based on Length/Height-for-Age (L/A or H/A), nutritional status is categorized into very short height, short, normal, and tall. Very short and short categories are classified as stunting. Indonesia’s target for reducing stunting is 14% by 2024. The Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) in 2022 shows a stunting rate of 21.6%, which decreased compared to 24.4% in 2021. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia further decreased in 2023 (21.5%) compared to 2022 (21.6%) according to data from the Indonesia Health Survey, with nine provinces, including North Sumatra Province, having stunting prevalence below 20% (18.9% in 2023). In Dairi Regency, stunting prevalence in 2022 was 28.6%, which is a reduction of 5.6% from 34.2% in 2021. Globally, 4.2 billion people live without safely managed sanitation access. The percentage of drinking water facilities meeting drinking water quality standards in Indonesia (2023) reached 72.22%, hitting the target of 72%. North Sumatra Province, however, had a lower achievement in drinking water quality monitoring in the fourth quarter of 2023 at 70.08%. The study aims to identify factors causing stunting and establish the Gerakan Desa Sehat Atasi Stunting (Deshat) in Berampu District, Dairi Regency, as an effort to accelerate stunting reduction based on Presidential Regulation No. 72/2021 and Dairi Regent Regulation No. 1/2023, conducted jointly or convergently as an integrated cross-sectoral issue with intervention activities that are both sensitive and specific, including providing and ensuring access to safe drinking water and sanitation. This research uses a beginner scheme. The method is quantitative observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach to examine the relationship between parenting patterns, hygiene, water quality test results, water treatment, and sanitation with stunting. Sampling technique: total sampling. Statistical tests used were chi-square with ɑ=0.05 and logistic regression. The research location was Berampu District with a sample of 58 stunted toddlers. The research output included scientific publications in a nationally accredited SINTA 4 journal and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for the Healthy Village Movement to Overcome Stunting (Deshat). The results showed a democratic parenting pattern among respondents with a p-value of (0.000) < 0.05, indicating a significant relationship where families not applying democratic parenting have an 8.5 times higher risk of having stunted children compared to those who do. Physical quality of water had a p-value of (0.001) < 0.05, showing a significant relationship between the physical quality of drinking water and stunting incidence; prevalence of stunting in children with poor physical water quality was 3.5 times higher than in children with good water quality. Water treatment results had a p-value of (0.007) < 0.05, indicating a significant relationship between water treatment and stunting incidence; prevalence of stunting among children with poor water treatment was 2.4 times higher compared to those with good water treatment.

The Relationship between Ergonomic Position and Disability Level Due to Low Back Pain (LBP) among Ceramic Craftsmen in Dinoyo Ceramic Village, Malang

2026-04-14T14:35:28+00:00

Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the main Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) caused by work, especially in professions that involve non-ergonomic postures such as ceramic craftsmen. This study aims to examine the relationship between ergonomic position and the level of disability due to LBP in this population. This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design conducted on 19 ceramic craftsmen in Kampung Keramik Dinoyo, Malang. The sample was selected using purposive sampling with the criterion of more than 5 years of work experience. The independent variable (Ergonomic Position) was measured using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) worksheet, and the dependent variable (LBP Disability) was measured using the Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (MODQ). The data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation test. It was found that 100% of respondents had ergonomic risks, with 15 people (78.9%) in the moderate risk category and 4 people (21.1%) in the high risk category. Most respondents (89.5%) experienced LBP disability, with 11 people (57.9%) experiencing moderate disability and 6 people (31.6%) experiencing severe disability. The results of the Spearman correlation test showed a positive and statistically significant correlation between the level of ergonomic risk and the level of LBP disability (correlation coefficient r = 0.468; p-value = 0.043). There is a significant relationship between poor ergonomic positioning and increased disability due to LBP among ceramic craftsmen. These findings indicate the urgent need for ergonomic interventions to improve work posture and reduce the risk of functional disability among workers.

Fostering Futures

2026-04-11T15:57:45+00:00

Mental health issues affect over a quarter of the global population, contributing significantly to the global health burden. Tackling these challenges requires effective prevention, care management, and community-driven strategies to reduce stigma and promote mental well-being. This study explores how digital innovation—specifically the integration of the e-Self Reporting Questionnaire (e-SRQ-20)—can foster mental health awareness and encourage proactive care-seeking behaviors. Conducted from October to December 2022, a community-based cross-sectional study involved 135 participants across 11 neighborhood units in the PU Health Centre, South Jakarta. Using purposive sampling, participants completed the e-SRQ-20 with support from medical doctors and health volunteers. Findings showed that 61% were aged 35–55, 84% were women, and 64% were housewives, with common symptoms including fatigue, somatic complaints, depression, and anxiety. Yet, only 31.6% of those scoring above the threshold sought further care—highlighting critical gaps in service access. These results underscore the need to empower individuals, families, and communities through awareness and inclusive digital tools. Integrating electronic screening into primary care offers a promising pathway to make mental health services more accessible, affordable, and acceptable

The Characteristics and Perspectives of HIV-Positive Individuals among the Key and Vulnerable Populations in Surabaya, Indonesia

2026-04-14T14:29:09+00:00

There is an ongoing challenge of promoting HIV testing uptake and sustained treatment adherence among key and vulnerable populations. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and perspectives of HIV-positive individuals among the key and vulnerable populations in Surabaya, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study with a mixed-methods in HIV-positive key and vulnerable populations. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. A questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, behavior, sexual practices, cognitive function, depression, and quality of life. The study indicated that 52.8% of participants were HIV-late diagnosis with several characteristics: being male (p=0.021); having lower BMI (p=0.001), lower lymphocyte count (p<0.001), poor knowledge of HIV cause (p=0.016), low quality of life on physical health (p<0.001), psychological health (p=0.020), and social relationship (p<0.001); lower cognitive function (p<0.001); and moderate to severe depression (p<0.001) than non-HIV late diagnosis. The interviews revealed that most participants hid their HIV status from their families and experienced stigma. NGO staff played a crucial role in educating, encouraging, and assisting them in accessing relevant health services. More than half of the participants were diagnosed late. Improving community-based programs, expanding mental health resources, and reducing stigma are the key strategies for enhancing HIV-related outcomes.

Breaking The Cycle

2026-04-14T13:58:43+00:00

This research aims to explore the relationship between maternal knowledge and sanitation hygiene with the incidence of diarrhea in young children within the Socah Community Health Center's service area. The study employs a quantitative approach with an observational cross-sectional design. Primary data was gathered using a questionnaire assessing maternal knowledge and daily sanitation hygiene practices. Data analysis was conducted using both univariate and bivariate methods, including the chi-square test. The findings reveal that, among 101 mothers with toddlers who met the inclusion criteria, most had low knowledge (40.6%) and moderately implemented hygiene and sanitation practices (37.6%). Additionally, 47.5% of the children had experienced diarrhea in the past two weeks. The chi-square test showed a significant correlation between maternal knowledge and the occurrence of diarrhea (p < 0.001), as well as between hygiene and sanitation practices and the incidence of diarrhea in children (p < 0.001). The study concludes that both maternal knowledge and sanitation hygiene significantly affect the occurrence of diarrhea in children in the Socah Community Health Center area. It is recommended that health education regarding diarrhea prevention, personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation be enhanced to reduce diarrhea rates among infants. This research is intended to serve as a foundation for the planning of health support and prevention programs in the Community Health Center's service area.

The Impact of Paternal Support on Maternal Perception During Pregnancy

2026-04-11T15:44:09+00:00

Paternal involvement in maternal health is a critical yet often underexplored factor in enhancing antenatal care (ANC) attendance and pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to examine how paternal support—across emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal dimensions—shapes maternal perception during pregnancy and influences ANC attendance. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted among 38 couples of pregnant women attending Poncol Primary Health Center in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Using the FSDP’s structured questionnaire, the study assessed four dimensions of paternal support. Findings revealed that father involvement varied across support types, with higher levels of emotional and instrumental support positively associated with ANC attendance. Moreover, the consistency of perceived support significantly influenced maternal perception. In conclusion, maternal perception of paternal support is closely linked to ANC-seeking behavior and the overall pregnancy experience. Enhancing father engagement through targeted, culturally responsive interventions may foster improved outcomes for both mothers and infants