CoMPHI Journal: Community Medicine and Public Health of Indonesia Journal

The Effect of Vitamin D Administration on Blood Levels Malondialdehyde (MDA) Blood in Male White Mice (Rattus Norvegicus) With Chronic Kidney Failure (CKF)

Mazirul Agung Santara, Darmawan Ismail, Ida Bagus Budhi Surya Adnyana — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic renal failure is a progressive and irreversible structural or functional disorder of the kidneys that causes a decline in kidney function. Oxidative stress in CKD occurs due to decreased expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (1αOHase) which causes impaired regulation of calcitriol or the active metabolite of renal vitamin D. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of polyunsaturated lipid peroxidation or can be called polyunsaturated fatty acids that occur due to increased oxidative stress in the body. Based on this, researchers are interested in examining the effect of vitamin D administration on blood MDA levels in chronic renal failure conducted in male rats. This study was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design. The subjects were male Wistar rats, 2 months old, weighing 150-300 grams, with inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria included rats with physical disabilities and visibly ill. This study used 24 white mice. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA mean difference test and Tukey's post hoc test to determine differences between test groups according to the measurement time, which showed significant differences in mean body weight, mean blood pressure, and MDA levels with a p value <0.05. Vitamin D administration can reduce MDA levels in male rats (Rattus norvegicus) with CKD.

Overview of Community Perceptions on Mental Health and Mental Disorders in The Working Area of Kedurus Public Health Center

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mental health is a crucial element of overall well-being; however, public awareness and understanding of mental disorders remain inadequate in many communities, particularly in low-resource settings. This study explores community perceptions of mental health and mental illness among patients visiting the Kedurus Public Health Center (Puskesmas Kedurus) in Surabaya. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, a total of 60 respondents were selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires based on national mental health literacy indicators and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that more than 60% of participants demonstrated limited knowledge of early symptoms of mental illness, while approximately 70% exhibited negative attitudes or stigmatizing views toward individuals with mental disorders. Only around 30% recognized mental health as an essential part of daily well-being. These attitudes were shaped by cultural norms, insufficient public education, and restricted access to reliable mental health information. The findings underscore the need for sustained mental health education and stigma-reduction efforts at the primary care level. Community-based strategies, particularly those involving local leaders, may improve mental health literacy and foster a more supportive environment for individuals experiencing mental illness.

Comparison of Germ Count Levels Based on Zone at Central Operating Theatre Facility Dr. Soetomo General and Academic Hospital

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Central of Disease Control state that Healthcare-Assoxiated Infections (HAI’s) prevalence on Surgical Site Infection (SSI) reach up 121.800 in patient surgery cases and increase mortality risk up to 12-times. Surgical site infection (SSI) are one of the causes of morbidity, mortality, increased length of stay, costs, and patient complaints, including in orbital surgery. This study was conducted at Central Operating Theatre Facility Dr. Soetomo General and Academic Hospital as surgical service facility includes 22 operating room and supporting facilities. Therefore, the Central Operating Theater Facility is higher risk of nosocomial infection. The purpose of this study was to compare the floor germs and air germs based on zones in the Central Operating Theater Facility. This study was done from September 2023 to December 2024 with cross-sectional quantitative and observational method. Total population are 43 rooms with sample size of 26 rooms were calculated using Lemeshow formula and the locations are determined randomly. Data analysis used Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the variable and descriptive analysis used frequency distribution. The results show significant difference in the counts of germ floor based on zones (p-value 0.047) and there is significant difference in the counts of germ air based on zones (p-value 0.047) at Central Operating Theater Facility. The most common germ found on floors is Staphylococcus haemolyticus, while the most common germ found in the air is Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Nutritional Status And Anemia In Adolescents: Preparation Of A Nutritional Lunch Program At SMPN 01 Kepulauan Seribu

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Adolescence, defined as the critical phase between 10–19 years of age, is characterized by biological, emotional, and social changes that require optimal nutritional intake. However, during this transitional stage, adolescents are vulnerable to the double burden of malnutrition—both undernutrition and overnutrition—as well as iron deficiency anemia. These conditions can negatively impact learning concentration, increase susceptibility to infections, impair cognitive function, and elevate the risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. National data indicate that the prevalence of anemia among Indonesian adolescents is 32%, with a higher rate among girls, and this problem is further exacerbated by limited access to healthcare services in island regions such as Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu. To address this issue, Universitas YARSI conducted a community service program at SMPN 01 Pulau Pari to support the implementation of the Free Nutritious Food (MBG) Program. The activities aimed to improve nutrition literacy and facilitate early detection of anemia through educational sessions for teachers and students, accompanied by anthropometric and hemoglobin measurements. Education was delivered via presentations, posters, pocketbook distribution, and interactive discussions, while the health assessments provided baseline data on nutritional and anemia status. A total of 54 students participated, with findings revealing a double burden of malnutrition: 46% underweight, 19% overweight or obese, and 21% of female adolescents with anemia. These results highlight the urgent need for integrated, school-based promotive and preventive interventions. The School Health Unit (UKS) program can serve as a primary platform for sustaining nutrition interventions, iron supplementation, and adolescent health monitoring. With this baseline data, the successful implementation of the MBG program in Pulau Pari is expected to be replicable in other island regions with similar challenges.

Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in a 68-Year-Old Woman Presenting with Abdominal Pain: A Case Report

Rico Alfredo Hutabarat, Suryo Wahyu Raharjo — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Acute Mesenteric Ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening condition caused by a sudden reduction in intestinal blood flow, leading to ischemia and potential bowel necrosis. With a mortality rate of 50–80%, delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific symptoms remains a challenge. The primary causes include arterial embolism, thrombosis, non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI), and mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT). Elderly patients, especially those with cardiovascular disease, are at higher risk. Contrast-enhanced CT angiography (CTA) is the gold standard for diagnosis. A 68-year-old woman presented with a three-day history of abdominal pain and was initially diagnosed with acute abdominal pain due to suspected perforated appendicitis. Imaging showed abdomen without pneumoperitoneum, along with chest radiograph found cardiomegaly and aortic elongation. Exploratory laparotomy was performed on February 15, 2025, revealed multiple mesenteric hematomas indicative of AMI and a hyperemic appendix, leading to an appendectomy. Postoperative care included anticoagulation, antibiotics, and supportive therapy. MSCT confirmed mesenteric ischemia with vascular stenosis and thrombi. On February 20, she developed heparin-induced hematochezia, managed with transfusion and hemostatic therapy. The patient remained stable and was discharged on February 24, 2025. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of AMI, often misdiagnosed due to its nonspecific symptoms. Exploratory laparotomy played a crucial role in diagnosis, revealing mesenteric hematomas. Contrast-enhanced MSCT confirmed vascular involvement, highlighting the importance of imaging in AMI detection. Anticoagulation was essential for preventing further thrombosis but required careful monitoring due to the risk of bleeding complications. Early recognition and intervention are vital in managing AMI, especially in elderly patients with cardiovascular risk factors. A multidisciplinary approach, including surgical exploration, advanced imaging, and individualized anticoagulation therapy, is crucial for improving outcomes.

The Relationship Between Protein Intake and Muscle Mass and Strength in the Elderly

Rivan Virlando Suryadinata, Achmad Zaini, Dita Sukmaya Prawitasari — Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Protein is essential for building muscle mass and functional capacity. Aging results in decreased muscle mass and, consequently, functional capacity. This process is a physiological condition of the body resulting from an imbalance between anabolism and catabolism in muscle cells. This can be prevented through adequate protein intake and physical activity. Assessment of muscle mass and strength was conducted to determine the physical strength of elderly people in relation to meeting daily protein intake requirements. This study aimed to determine the relationship between protein intake and changes in muscle mass and strength in elderly people. This study used an observational cross-sectional design. Data were collected from elderly people in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, through interviews regarding protein intake, muscle mass measurements, and functional capacity during July and August 2024. Sixty-five individuals were recruited. The results showed a relationship between protein intake and muscle mass (p<0.05; r=0.7), while right and left functional capacity did not show a significant relationship (p>0.05). The conclusion of this study is that protein intake has a strong relationship with increased muscle mass. However, no differences were found in muscle strength due to various factors influencing the assessment hand grip strength.

Improving Diabetic Neuropathy Knowledge in an Urban Elderly Population: A Community-Based Intervention Study

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background. As the global population ages quickly, older individuals are facing a rising burden of chronic diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus. In Indonesia, diabetes among the elderly poses a significant public health concern, often complicated by under-recognized conditions like diabetic neuropathy. Aim. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a community-based intervention focused on targeted health education on diabetic neuropathy among elderly residents in urban area. Methods. A pre- and post-test design was used to assess the intervention's effectiveness. In collaboration with local health cadres and facilities, participants completed identical questionnaires on diabetic neuropathy before and after the health education session to measure improvements in knowledge. Results. A total of 143 elderly participants (median age: 65 years) were enrolled, with 73.4% being female. Post-education test scores showed a statistically significant improvement compared to pre-test scores (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test). Of the participants, 22.4% were newly identified as having diabetes, and another 22% fell into the prediabetes range. Despite some variations in learning outcomes, 84.6% showed improved scores, indicating high effectiveness of the health education session. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that a community-based approach combining early diabetes screening and health education significantly improves elderly participants' knowledge about diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.

The Effect of Health Promotion on Health Cadres’ Knowledge of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in Sukorame, Kediri

Aulia Fahira, Adwin Setyanagara — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge and is the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases after COVID-19. In Indonesia, the incidence of TB is among the highest worldwide, with East Java ranked second nationally. Knowledge and adherence to Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT) are still limited, particularly among communities at risk, making health education crucial. This study aimed to analyze the effect of health promotion on the knowledge of health cadres regarding tuberculosis preventive therapy in Sukorame, Kediri. A pre-experimental analytic study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 41 active health cadres. Data were collected through a questionnaire covering knowledge, attitude, and practice related to TPT. Health education was delivered via presentations and leaflets, and knowledge was assessed before and after the intervention. The results showed a significant improvement in cadres’ knowledge, with pretest scores indicating poor knowledge in all respondents (100%), while posttest scores showed 52% with good knowledge, 44% with moderate knowledge, and only 4% with poor knowledge. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test confirmed a significant difference (p = 0.000). It can be concluded that health promotion effectively increased health cadres’ knowledge of TB preventive therapy. Continuous monitoring and follow-up are recommended to sustain behavioral changes and strengthen TB prevention efforts.

Implementation of Health Promotion at The Special Pulmonary Hospital UPTD of North Sumatera Province in 2025

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the implementation of Hospital Health Promotion (PKRS) at the Special Pulmonary Hospital Technical Implementation Unit of North Sumatra Province in 2025. The background of the study is based on the importance of PKRS in increasing the awareness, attitude, and healthy behavior of patients and their families, as well as supporting the achievement of public health status. The study uses a qualitative approach with observation and in-depth interviews with PKRS officers, as well as a review of hospital documents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of PKRS has been going quite well, marked by the existence of a special PKRS unit and support from hospital management through the preparation of SOPs and regular monitoring and evaluation. Health promotion activities are carried out through individual or group counseling, as well as utilizing print, electronic, and social media. Thus, the study found several obstacles, including budget limitations, infrastructure, and patients' limited time to participate in education. The program's accessibility is considered quite good because health information can be accessed through various hospital services and social media. Overall, the PKRS at UPTD RS Khusus Paru PROVSU has been implemented according to standards, although it still requires reinforcement in terms of resources and budget support to reach a wider audience and be sustainable.