Identifikasi Kelimpahan Partikel Mikroplastik pada Gula Pasir di Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Microplastics (plastic particles <5 millimeters in diameter) have become a novel food contaminant for humans.
Microplastics was estimated that children consume 106-113 microplastics per day and 126-142 particles in adults.
The main prevention effort is to identify the presence of plastic particles in food, one of which is sugar. Microplastics
that are in the digestive tract can enter the bloodstream and distributed to other parts of the body. These particles
cannot be destroyed by the body's cellular mechanisms, thus triggering inflammation, genotoxicity, hypersensitivity,
oxidative stress, and cell death. The aim of the study was to measure the number of particles, shape and diameter of
plastic particles as contaminants in refined sugar produced in Indonesia. Quantitative descriptive research using 16
sugar brands that are produced, known and widely consumed in Indonesia. The research was carried out at the
Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University. Quantification of the number, shape
and diameter of plastic particles using a microscope. The examination results showed that all sugar samples contained
plastic particles between 5-100 MPs/50 gram of sugar, most of the contaminants were in the form of pellets, and the
largest particle diameter was 367µm.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Walker TR. (Micro)plastics and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. ScienceDirect. 2019;30:100497.
Seltenrich N. New Link in The Food Chain? Mrine Placstic Pollution and Seafood Safety. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(2):34-42.
Wright SL, Kelly FJ. Plastic and human health: a micro issue? Environ Sci Technol. 2017;51(12):6634-6647.
Widianarko B, Hantoro I. Mikroplastik Mikroplastik Dalam Seafood Dari Pantai Utara Jawa. Semarang: Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata; 2018.
Karbalaei S, Hanachi P, Walker TR, Cole M. Occurrence, sources, human health impacts and mitigation of microplastic pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2018;25(36):36046-36063.
Cox KD, Covernton GA, Davies HL, Dower JF, Juanes F, Dudas SE. Human consumption of microplastics. Environ Sci Technol. 2019;53:7068-7074.
Jiang S, Wang F, Li Q, Sun H, Wang H, Yao Z. Environment and food safety : a novel integrative review. Enviromental Sci Pollut Res. 2021;28:54511-54530.
Jambeck JR, Geyer R, Wilcox C, et al. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Sci J. 2015;347(6223):768-772.
Miraj SS, Parveen N, Zedan HS. Plastic microbeads: small yet mighty concerning. Int J Environ Health Res. 2021;31(7):788-804.
Prokić MD, Radovanović TB, Gavrić JP, Faggio C. Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics: Examination of biomarkers, current state and future perspectives. TrAC - Trends Anal Chem. 2019;111:37-46.
Lusher A, Hollman P, Mendozal J. Microplastics in Fisheries and Aquaculture: Status of Knowledge on Their Occurrence and Implications for Aquatic Organisms and Food Safety. Rome: FOA; 2017.
Campanale C, Massarelli C, Savino I, Locaputo V, Uricchio VF. A detailed review study on potential effects of microplastics and additives of concern on human health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1212.
Satriana ED, Tety E, Rifai A. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Konsumsi Gula Pasir Di Indonesia. J Online Mhs Fak Pertan Univ Riau. 2014;2:1-15.
Yusuf Y, Aulia AF, Martadi S. Permintaan Gula Pasir di Indonesia. J Ekon. 2010;18(03):1-8.
Afrin S, Rahman MM, Hossain MN, Uddin MD, Malafaia G. Are there plastic particles in my sugar? A pioneering study on the characterization of microplastics in commercial sugars and risk assessment. Sci Tot Environ. 2022;837:155849.
Monteleone A, Schary W, Fath A, Wenzel F. Validation of an Extraction Method for Microplastics From Human Materials. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2019;73(1):203-217.
Wang YL, Lee YH, Chiu IJ, Lin YF, Chiu HW. Potent impact of plastic nanomaterials and micromaterials on the food chain and human health. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1727.
Deng Y, Zhang Y, Lemos B, Ren H. Tissue accumulation of microplastics in mice and biomarker responses suggest widespread health risks of exposure. Sci Rep. 2017;7(March):1-10.
Viña J, Borras C, Gomez-Cabrera MC. A Free Radical Theory of Frailty. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018:358-363.
Sincihu Y, Sudiana IK, Kusumastuti K, Keman S, Sulistyorini L, Lusno MFD, Elias SM, Hasina SN. Membranes and Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Hippocampal Neurons Damage due to low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics in Blood of Wistar rats. Int J Health Sci. 2022;6(S7):3490-3503.
Kwon JH, Kim JW, Pham TD, Tarafdar A, Hong S, Chun SH, Lee SH, Kang DY, Kim JY, Kim SB, Jung J. Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical and Challenges. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(18): 6710.
Makhdoumi P, Pirsaheb M, Amin AAA, Kianpou S, Hossini H. Microplastic Pollution in Table Salt and Sugar: Occurrence, Qualification and Quantification and Risk Assessment. J Food Comp & Anal. 2023;119(June):105261.
Liebezeit G, Liebezeit E. Non-Pollen Particulates in Honey and Sugar. Food Add & Contaminants. 2013;30(12): 2136-2140.
Hollman P, Bouwmeester H, Peters R. Microplastics in The Aquatic Food Chain: Sources, Measurement, Occurrence and Potential Health Risks. Netherlands: Wageningen University and Research; 2013.
Ruth D, Sukartiko AC, Nugrahini AD, Aziz IWF. Analisis Proses Produksi Gula Pasir Menggunakan Pendekatan Lean Six Sigma di PT. Madu Baru. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada; 2017.