DISPARITIES IN SANITATION AND DIARRHEA AMONG THE UNDER-5 AGE IN INDONESIAN HOUSEHOLD
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Abstract
Akses terhadap sumber air bersih merupakan kebutuhan utama manusia, dan merupakan tanggung jawab negara untuk memastikan bahwa seluruh warga negara mempunyai akses terhadap sumber air bersih yang layak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akses sanitasi yang aman terkait penyakit diare pada tingkat rumah tangga di pedesaan dan perkotaan berdasarkan data SDKI 2017. Desain studi analitik, cross-sectional dengan menggunakan database Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI)-2017 dari Badan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan, pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2022. Sebanyak 2.359 dari 16.615 total sampling balita dari database rumah tangga diambil sub-set sampling balita yang menderita diare. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah data spesifik SDKI pada bagian rumah tangga dan perempuan Wanita Usia Subur (WUS), umur anak, jenis kelamin, pendidikan ibu, wilayah tempat tinggal, fasilitas jamban, dan sumber air minum sebagai akses terhadap kebutuhan sanitasi. Dilakukan analisis deskriptif dan uji chi-square dengan software SPSS versi 25 dan tingkat kemaknaan <0,05. Kegagalan menjaga pasokan air bersih dapat menyebabkan epidemi penyakit yang ditularkan melalui air akibat dari kontaminasi tinja pada sumber air bersih. Penyebabnya karena pengelolaan limbah padat tempat tinggal yang buruk, berdampak terutama pada populasi berisiko tinggi seperti anak balita.Situasi ini bukan hanya menjadi tanggung jawab sektor kesehatan namun juga peran lintas sektoral lainnya. Tanpa kerja sama yang baik dan pembagian tanggung jawab, permasalahan kesehatan terkait WASH tidak akan terselesaikan sepenuhnya.
Kata kunci: Akses Sanitasi; Diare; Tingkat rumahtangga; Balita
Access to clean water sources is a major human need, and it is the responsibility of the state to ensure that all citizens have access to the proper source of clean water. The study aims to analyze safe access of sanitation related to diarrheal disease in rural and urban areas based on IDHS 2017 data at the National household level. An analytical, cross-sectional design by using a database of Indonesia’s Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS)-2017 from the Demographic and Health Survey Agency, from October to December 2022. By total sampling of under-5 children from the household database, and sub-set sampling of 2.359 under-5 with diarrhea out of 16.615. The instruments used were specific data of IDHS questionnaires on household and women's section i.e. women of childbearing age (WUS), children's age, sex, mother's education, area of residence, latrine facilities, and sources of drinking water as access to sanitation of requirement. The analysis was performed by descriptive and chi-square test analysis with software of SPSS version 25 and a significance level of <0.05. Failure to maintain the integrity of the water supply could develop epidemics of waterborne diseases, illnesses, and transmitted diseases through faecal contamination of drinking water. The overflow of wastewater into open fields and ditches or the mismanagement of solid waste of human habitation could result in vector-borne diseases, especially for high-risk populations such as U-5 children. This situation is not only the health sector’s responsibility but also other sectoral roles. Without good cooperation and sharing of responsibilities, health problems related to WASH will not be completely resolved
Keywords: Access Sanitation; Diarrhea; Household-level; Under-5
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