MEKANISME EPIGENETIK PADA OSTEOPOROSIS PASCA MENOPAUSE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a chronic disorder characterized by the degradation of bone mass and modification of bone microstructure, resulting in decreased bone strength and an increased risk of fractures in postmenopausal women. Hypoestrogen conditions cause an increase in osteoclast activity and a decrease in osteoblast activity, resulting in a rapid decrease in bone mass due to an imbalance in bone formation and resorption. Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and regulation by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in biological processes, including bone formation and remodeling. The decrease in estrogen levels in menopause disrupts various epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in regulating bone homeostasis. DNA methylation leads to the hypermethylation of important genes such as RUNX2 and SOST, which decreases the expression of these genes and reduces bone formation. Histone Modification: reduces histone acetylation through increasing hystone deacytelase (HDAC) activity, leading to decreased expression of genes important for osteogenesis. Non-coding RNA: alters the expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs that regulate osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and activity, contributing to the imbalance between bone formation and resorption.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Xu F, Li W, Yang X, Na L, Chen L, Liu G. The Roles of Epigenetics Regulation in Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis. Front cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:619301.
Zhang G, Liu Z, Li Z, Zhang B, Yao P, Qiao Y. Therapeutic approach of natural products that treat osteoporosis by targeting epigenetic modulation. Front Genet. 2023;14(May):1–9.
Marini F, Cianferotti L, Brandi ML. Epigenetic mechanisms in bone biology and osteoporosis: Can they drive therapeutic choices? Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(8).
Zhivodernikov I V., Kirichenko T V., Markina Y V., Postnov AY, Markin AM. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(21).
Xu F, Li W, Yang X, Na L, Chen L, Liu G. The Roles of Epigenetics Regulation in Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;8(January):1–24.
Sozen T, Ozisik L, Calik Basaran N. An overview and management of osteoporosis. Eur J Rheumatol. 2017;4(1):46–56.
Rahayu RD. Updates on physical activity and exercise for osteoporosis: “strong, steady, straight.” Ina Newsl [Internet]. 2024;(February). Available from: ina-repond.net
Anasulfalah H, Verasita P, Widiyanto A, Atmojo JT. Smoking Behavior and the Incident of Osteoporosis in the. Indones J Glob Helath Res. 2023;5(4):735–42.
Takegahara N, Kim H, Choi Y. Unraveling the intricacies of osteoclast differentiation and maturation: insight into novel therapeutic strategies for bone-destructive diseases. Exp Mol Med. 2024;56(2):264–72.
Bolamperti S, Villa I, Rubinacci A. Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence. Bone Res. 2022;10(1).
Kenkre JS, Bassett JHD. The bone remodelling cycle. Ann Clin Biochem. 2018;55(3):308–27.
Zhong Y, Zhou X, Pan Z, Zhang J, Pan J. Role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in age-related bone homeostasis imbalance. FASEB J [Internet]. 2024;38(9). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/ record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85191764867&doi=10.1096%2Ffj.202302665R&partnerID=40&md5=ee9a899af0a3f5f6bb9cc77b68bedfa3
Park-Min KH. Epigenetic regulation of bone cells. Connect Tissue Res. 2017;58(1):76–89.
Komori T. Regulation of proliferation, differentiation and functions of osteoblasts by runx2. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(7).
Wakitani S, Yokoi D, Hidaka Y, Nishino K. The differentially DNA-methylated region responsible for expression of runt-related transcription factor 2. J Vet Med Sci. 2017;79(2):230–7.
Yi SJ, Lee H, Lee J, Lee K, Kim J, Kim Y, et al. Bone remodeling: Histone modifications as fate determinants of bone cell differentiation. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(13).
Ghorbaninejad M, Khademi-Shirvan M, Hosseini S, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Epidrugs: novel epigenetic regulators that open a new window for targeting osteoblast differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11(1):1–14.
Wang JS, Yoon S, Wein MN, Hospital MG. Role of histone deacetylases in bone development and skeletal disorders. Bone. 2022;1–34.
Ko N, Chen L, Chen K. The Role of Micro RNA and Long-Non-Coding RNA in Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Med. 2020;21(4886):1–18.
Yan L, Liao L, Su X. Role of mechano ‑ sensitive non ‑ coding RNAs in bone remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement : recent advances. Prog Orthod [Internet]. 2022; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-022-00450-3
Stein JL, Hesse E, Stein GS, Lian JB. Targeting of Runx2 by miRNA-135 and miRNA-203 Impairs Progression of Breast Cancer and Metastatic Bone Disease Hanna. Cancer Res. 2016;75(7):1433–44.
Narayanan A, Srinaath N, Rohini M, Selvamurugan N. Regulation of Runx2 by MicroRNAs in osteoblast di ff erentiation. Life Sci. 2019;232(July):1–9.
Shang X, Boker KO, Taheri S, Hawellek T, Lehmann W, Schilling AF. The Interaction between microRNAs and the Wnt β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Osteoarthritis.pdf. Internastional J Mol Sci. 2021;22(9887).
Aurilia C, Donati S, Palmini G, Miglietta F, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. The Involvement of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Bone. Mol Sci. 2021;22:1–30.
Zhang G, Liu Z, Li Z, Zhang B, Yao P, Qiao Y. Therapeutic approach of natural products that treat osteoporosis by targeting epigenetic modulation. 2023;(May):1–9.
Roforth MM, Farr JN, Fujita K, Mccready LK, Atkinson EJ, Therneau TM, et al. Global transcriptional pro fi ling using RNA sequencing and DNA methylation patterns in highly enriched mesenchymal cells from young versus elderly women. Bone [Internet]. 2015;76:49–57. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.017
Chen Y, Sun Y, Xue X, Ma H. Comprehensive analysis of epigenetics mechanisms in osteoporosis. Front Genet. 2023;(March):1–17.
Xu Z, Yu Z, Chen M, Zhang M, Chen R, Yu H, et al. Mechanisms of estrogen de fi ciency-induced osteoporosis based on transcriptome and DNA methylation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;(October):1–12.
Tian Q, Gao S, Zhou X, Zheng L, Zhou Y. Review Article Histone Acetylation in the Epigenetic Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Related Diseases. Hindawi Stem cells Int. 2021;2021:1–9.
Li Z, Xue H, Tan G, Xu Z. Effects of miRNAs , lncRNAs and circRNAs on osteoporosis as regulatory factors of bone homeostasis ( Review ). 2021;1–14.
Shao B, Fu X, Yu Y, Yang D. Regulatory effects of miRNA‑181a on FasL expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and its effect on CD4 +T lymphocyte apoptosis in estrogen deficiency‑induced osteoporosis.pdf. Mol Med Rep. 2018;18:920–30.
Lv H, Sun Y, Zhang Y. MiR-133 is Involved in Estrogen Deficiency- Induced Osteoporosis through Modulating Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:1527–34.
Wang S. Investigation of long non‑coding RNA expression profiles in patients with post‑menopausal osteoporosis by RNA sequencing.pdf. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20:1487–97.