Ergonomic Factor Analysis of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) in Bakery Industry Workers
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Abstract
Lingkungan kerja yang aman dan sehat sangat penting untuk pengembangan ekonomi dan sosial. Menurut ILO dan WHO, kecelakaan terkait kerja masih menyumbang 5% dari seluruh kematian di dunia pada tahun 2016. Di Indonesia sendiri, terjadi peningkatan kecelakaan kerja sebesar 55,2% dari tahun 2019 hingga 2020. Produksi roti merupakan sub-sektor perekonomian yang penting dan dapat menciptakan lapangan kerja, namun juga rentan terhadap bahaya kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Gangguan muskuloskeletal adalah penyebab umum dari kecacatan dan keterbatasan kerja, termasuk di sektor industri roti. Faktor risiko yang menyebabkan gangguan tersebut meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, postur tubuh yang salah, dan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang ergonomi. Ergonomi berperan penting dalam mencegah gangguan muskuloskeletal, dengan penyesuaian peralatan kerja dan sikap tubuh yang ergonomis. Analisis faktor risiko, terutama faktor ergonomi, diperlukan untuk mengurangi potensi gangguan muskuloskeletal pada pekerja industri roti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis faktor ergonomi terhadap Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) pada pekerja industri roti. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode literature review berdasarkan jurnal 5 tahun terakhir dari database Google Scholars, Pubmed, Proquest dan Science Direct didapatkan bahwa faktor ergonomi berperan penting dalam menyebabkan WMSD yang mencakup faktor antropometri, faal kerja, biomekanika, dan psikologi kerja pada pekerja industri roti. Setelah dikaji dari empat risiko tersebut, faktor faal kerja dan biomekanika yang berhubungan signifikan dengan risiko terjadinya WMSD pada pekerja industri roti. Hal ini sesuai dengan tingginya prevalensi keluhan nyeri persendian bahu, leher, dan pergelangan tangan serta kejadian low back pain (LBP) pada pekerja industri roti.
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