The Relationship Between Protein Intake and Muscle Mass and Strength in the Elderly
Main Article Content
Abstract
Protein is essential for building muscle mass and functional capacity. Aging results in decreased muscle mass and, consequently, functional capacity. This process is a physiological condition of the body resulting from an imbalance between anabolism and catabolism in muscle cells. This can be prevented through adequate protein intake and physical activity. Assessment of muscle mass and strength was conducted to determine the physical strength of elderly people in relation to meeting daily protein intake requirements. This study aimed to determine the relationship between protein intake and changes in muscle mass and strength in elderly people. This study used an observational cross-sectional design. Data were collected from elderly people in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, through interviews regarding protein intake, muscle mass measurements, and functional capacity during July and August 2024. Sixty-five individuals were recruited. The results showed a relationship between protein intake and muscle mass (p<0.05; r=0.7), while right and left functional capacity did not show a significant relationship (p>0.05). The conclusion of this study is that protein intake has a strong relationship with increased muscle mass. However, no differences were found in muscle strength due to various factors influencing the assessment hand grip strength.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Jalali A, Ziapour A, Karimi Z, Rezaei M, Emami B, et al. Global Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in the Elderly Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Geriatrics. 2024;24(1): 809.
Noto S. Perspectives on Aging and Quality of Life. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland). 2023;11(15):2131.
Pradana AA, Chiu HL, Lin CJ, Lee SC. Prevalence of frailty in Indonesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC geriatrics. 2023;23(1):778.
Valieiny N, Poorcheraghi H, Pashaeypoor S. Nursing interventions in prevention of fall in older adults; an Integrated review study. J Gerontol. 2022;6(4):14–27.
Hosseini FS, Sharifi N, Jamali S. Correlation anxiety, stress, and depression with perceived social support among the elderly: a cross-sectional study in Iran. Agein Int. 2021;46:108–14.
Wakayama S, Fujita Y, Fujii K, Sasaki T, Yuine H, Hotta K. Skeletal Muscle Mass and Higher-Level Functional Capacity in Female Community-Dwelling Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(13):6692.
Sun S, Lee H, Yim HW, Won HS, Ko YH. The impact of sarcopenia on health-related quality of life in elderly people: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Korean journal of internal medicine. 2019;34(4):877–884.
Koon-Yee LG, Chun-Ming AP, Hoi-Yee LG, Chan M, Li HL, et al. Sarcopenia and Mortality in Different Clinical Conditions: A Meta-Analysis. Osteoporos. Sarcopenia. 2021;7:S19–S27.
Landi F, Calvani R, Tosato M, Martone AM, Ortolani E, et al. Protein Intake and Muscle Health in Old Age: From Biological Plausibility to Clinical Evidence. Nutrients. 2016;8:295.
Coelho-Junior HJ, Calvani R, Azzolino D, Picca A, Tosato M, et al. Protein Intake and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2022;19(14):8718.
Smeuninx B, Greig C A, Breen L. Amount, Source and Pattern of Dietary Protein Intake Across the Adult Lifespan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in nutrition. 2020;7:25.
Nehete JY, Bhambar RS, Narkhede MR, Gawali SR. Natural proteins: Sources, isolation, characterization and applications. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2013;7(14):107–116.
Wildhan RY, Suryadinata RV, Artadana IBM. Hubungan tingkat activity daily living (ADL) dan kualitas hidup lansia di Magetan. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma. 2022;11 (1):42-48.
Huang Y, Li H, Liang R, Chen J, Tang Q. The influence of sex-specific factors on biological transformations and health outcomes in aging processes. Biogerontology. 2024;25(5):775-791.
Villareal DT, Apovian CM, Kushner RF, Klein S. Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society. Obes Res. 2005;82:923–934.
Suryadinata RV, Wirjatmadi B, Adriani M, Lorensia A. Effect of age and weight on physical activity. Journal of public health research. 2020;9:2.
Hashemi R, Rabizadeh S, Yadegar A, Mohammadi F, Rajab A, et al. High prevalence of comorbidities in older adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):873.
Suryadinata RV, Subagio HW, Khairuddin K, Darmonoss D, Christianto F. Analysis of the Impact of Muscle Mass Changes in Stroke Patients. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2025;16(6):1359-1364.
Han M, Woo K, Kim K. Association of Protein Intake with Sarcopenia and Related Indicators Among Korean Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2024; 16(24):4350.
Landi F, Calvani R, Tosato M, Martone AM, Ortolani E, et al. Protein Intake and Muscle Health in Old Age: From Biological Plausibility to Clinical Evidence. Nutrients. 2016; 8(5):295.
Obeid W, Hiremath S, Topf JM. Protein Restriction for CKD: Time to Move On. Kidney 360. 2022;3(9):1611–1615.
Voulgaridou G, Papadopoulou SD, Spanoudaki M, Kondyli FS, Alexandropoulou I, et al. Increasing Muscle Mass in Elders through Diet and Exercise: A Literature Review of Recent RCTs. Foods (Basel, Switzerland). 2023;12(6):1218.
Takase M, Takahashi K, Ogino R, Nitanai R, Tanaka T, et al. Functional capacity in community-dwelling older adults maintained by a higher friend network than family network: implications from a two-year longitudinal study. BMC research notes. 2022;15(1):319.
Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, et al. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2020;21(3):300–307.
Carbone JW, Pasiakos SM. Dietary Protein and Muscle Mass: Translating Science to Application and Health Benefit. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1136.
Tagawa R, Watanabe D, Ito K, Ueda K, Nakayama K, et al. Dose-response relationship between protein intake and muscle mass increase: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition reviews. 2020;79(1):66–75.
Lorensia A, Suryadinata RV, Tinaka AJ. Food Calory Intake and Physical Activity in Obesity Risk among College Students in Surabaya City. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2024;19(4):522-529.
Kirwan RP, Mazidi M, Rodriguez GC, Lane KE, Jafari A, et al. Protein interventions augment the effect of resistance exercise on appendicular lean mass and handgrip strength in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2022;115:897–913.
Choi EY. Association of Protein Intake with Handgrip Strength and Its Relation to Strength Exercise in Korean Adults Aged over 60 Years in the KNHANES (2014-18). Nutrients. 2023;15(4):1014.