Kenali faktor risiko hipertensi essensial pada masyarakat wilayah puskesmas ngulankulon
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Abstract
Hipertensi esensial, juga dikenal sebagai hipertensi primer atau tekanan darah tinggi, adalah kondisi medis di mana tekanan darah arteri berada di atas batas normal secara konsisten yakni sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg atau diastolik ≥ 80 mmHg (Chobanian, A. V.,2017&; Arshad Muhammad Iqbal&Syed F. Jamal.,2022). Data WHO (World Health Organization) menyebutkn kurang lebih 40% orang berusia diatas 25 tahun mengalami hipertensi (Mills et al, 2020; Benjamin et al., 2018). Faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan hipertensi esensial meliputi ras, usia, jenis kelamin, genetik, obesitas, konsumsi garam berlebihan, dan merokok (Milk et al., 2020; Oparil et al., 2018). Tinjauan Sistematis ini menggunakan mesin pencari dilakukan melalui PubMed, Science Direct, NCBI, Google Scholar, Research Gate, dan Sage Journal serta menggunakan kata sebagai faktor yang terkait dengan risiko terjadi hipertensi essensial. Sebanyak 35 jurnal yang diterbitkan minimal 5 tahun yang lalu diperoleh. Berdasarkan pengkajian, dari 35 jurnal, 32 jurnal membahas mengenai faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi yang terbagi menjadi seperti ras, usia, jenis kelamin dan riwayat keluarga yang memiliki riwayat hipertensi, obesitas, konsumsi garam berlebihan, merokok. Terdapat faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi berguna untuk mencegah terjadinya hipertensi. Ada pula faktor risiko yang tidak dapat di modifikasi berisiko tinggi angka kejadian hipertensi, namun risiko ini masih perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut.
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